This is also true for the modified Δrate correlation after the speed and head direction modulation was removed (19% increase between T1 and T3; p = 0.13; Figure 7D).
In order to determine response times shown in Fig. 3, the LCD backlight modulation has been removed according to the division method with dynamical filtering [13].
In the present study, only the amplitude and frequency modulation of calls was removed, but mean peak frequency remained unchanged, meaning that the 50-kHz sine wave tones used here had a peak frequency, which is typical for frequency-modulated calls.
To estimate the CFO, the modulation is first removed by multiplying the complex conjugate of the locally generated PN Tx (k) to receive the k th PN sequence yPN,1(k).
Without using carrier modulation, the mixer and local oscillator are removed from the transceiver.
(B ) Same as (A ), but after the modulation by speed and head direction was removed.
Our data gives a modulation of above 0.5 for the same frequency and pupil size for an average of 20 eyes even before defocus and astigmatism are removed, and a modulation of above 0.8 when defocus and astigmatism are removed.
For each example (A or B ), plotted on the left are the lap-by-lap spike raster and firing rate curves of the V1 (red) and CA1 (blue) cells, while plotted on the right are the lap-by-lap fluctuations in rate (∆rate) and COM (∆COM) for the two cells on the left, and in rate (modified ∆rate) and COM (modified ∆COM) after the modulation by speed and head direction was removed.
After the modulations of the received PN sequences are removed, the CFO is estimated using the L&R algorithm [9], which is a type of a maximum likelihood (ML) method with several numbers of auto-correlators.
This assumption can be removed by considering practical feedback transmission schemes, such as the uncoded QAM modulation discussed in [21].
