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The size of the scanned light sheet can be modulated by adjusting the modulation intensity of the TAG (x-direction) and scanning amplitude of the galvo mirrors (y-direction).
The first – with amplitude of optical wave modulation – intensity sensors.
Where I a is the average intensity, I m is the modulation intensity.
It presents various types of optical modulation: intensity or amplitude modulation, phase modulation, frequency modulation, and polarization modulation, and various physical effects that control the modulation.
I n is the intensity map of the nth sinusoidal fringes and I a and I m are the average intensity and modulation intensity, respectively.
Because the infinity-correction range of the illumination objective is limited, the light sheet abruptly expanded in z-direction at TAG modulation intensity > 35% (Supplementary information, Figure S1E).
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We show here that all wingbeat parameters (modulation intensities and harmonic contents as well as the wingbeat frequency itself) can, in fact, be extracted from the conical-scan data, at least when the echo is of good quality (i.e. due to a single large target passing steadily through the scanned region).
Generally speaking, assuming that the background and the modulation intensities are unchanged in the entire phase shifting process, the intensity before and after the phase shift can be written as: {I}_1=a+bcos left[varphi + kxright], (2) {I}_2=a+bcos left[varphi + kx+delta right].
The lateral FWHM of beads ranged between 420 nm and 450 nm at different TAG modulation intensities in the whole excitation field, close to the Abbe limit (Supplementary information, Figure S1M-S1N).
In essence, three images (phase, modulation, and intensity) are converted into two images: one that represents the spatial intensity distribution from the FRET species and the other the image of the non-FRET species.
Application of the multileaf collimator (MLC) has evolved from replacing blocks to create treatment fields to creating photon fluence modulation for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
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