Sentence examples for modulation features are from inspiring English sources
These modulation features are convected out to the distant heliosphere but the step size for GCR He and H is much smaller than that observed at 1 AU.
For the lower rigidity cosmic rays the modulation features are similar to those at 1 AU except that the magnitude of the step decreases are much smaller.
In the following, three modulation features are evaluated.
The modulation features are extracted from the instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency law (IFL) curve which is calculated according to (14) and (17).
Synthesised speech based on manipulations of these local amplitude modulation features was used to explore the basis of intelligibility.
Our earlier study [17] explored the contribution of both spectral and temporal dimensions; and has indeed confirmed that the use of joint spectro-temporal modulation features is key to fully accounting for the multidimensional nature of musical timbre in isolated notes, in agreement with earlier findings in the literature [20].
Although the modulation spectrum features are performing quite well in noisy conditions, in cleaner conditions their performance is worse than the classical PLP features.
The recognition accuracies obtained with the 135-D modulation spectrum features are presented in the top part of Tables 1 and 2 for the SC-based system.
This suggests that our modulation spectrum features are suboptimal with respect to describing the medium-term dynamics of the speech signal.
Envelope modulation spectrogram (EMS) features are extracted using an auditory model which decomposes the envelopes of the outputs of a bank of gammatone filters into one lowpass and multiple bandpass components.
Using feature subset selection, the best combination of auxiliary features to baseline MFCCs in the former scenario consisted of normalized maximum cross-channel correlation and log-energy dinullerence; for the latter scenario, RMS energy, harmonic energy ratio, and modulation spectrogram features were determined to be the most useful in the realistic multi-site farfield audio condition.
