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The modulation contrast was disappearing much quicker than the substructure contrast.
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The dominant radiative heat exchange comes from the excitation of both Type I and Type II hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons (HSPhPs) at the vacuum-hBN interface for different orientations, while the large modulation contrast is mainly attributed to the mismatching Type I HSPhPs induced by rotation.
Live cell imaging was done with the use of Hoffman modulation contrast, which is compatible with plastic cell culture dishes.
The lack of modulation in the complete ToM network in this contrast was surprising.
The LM stimulus contrast was 0.1 and the CM stimulus modulation depth was 1.0, equating to approximately 5 and 7 times detection threshold, respectively.
The key contrast was the main effect of the parametric modulation of the 'sound only' events of the test phases.
A relatively coarse frequency of modulation with high contrast is seen for the raw data from the coverslip (Fig. 4a).
As a consequence, the modulation of the contrast is a critical factor for the quality of chemical imaging, as the resolution of the topology is not sufficient to produce a good image.
A sinusoidal contrast modulation was used because it generates fewer harmonics (i.e., responses at exact multiple of the stimulation frequency, reflecting the nonlinearity of the brain response; Regan, 1989; Norcia et al., 2015) and because it is a smoother visual stimulation than a squarewave stimulation mode.
While each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy (HMCM) can be considered as the single most beneficial microscopic technique for monitoring of biofilm formation.
Light contrast (c) was defined as a change in the light intensity (ΔY) divided by the mean light BG (Ymean):
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