Modulation was calculated as the difference between the conditioned and unconditioned H reflex and expressed as a percentage of the unconditioned (control) H reflex.
The MEPs evoked during both PRE and POST baselines were averaged and used to compute an index of MEP modulation (MEPi), calculated as the ratio between the averaged MEPs recorded in each experimental condition and the averaged MEPs recorded in the baseline session, multiplied by 100.
Amplitude of discharge modulation was calculated as the peak amplitude of the fundamental component fitted to the cycle histograms.
This was represented by a "modulation index" (MI), calculated as the total activity during SN as a proportion of total SD + SN activity.
CD86 modulation calculated as the difference between the results obtained for the treated sample and the corresponding untreated control (ΔCD86) revealed a dose-effect relationship in response to CPZ after irradiation (Fig. 3D, black columns).
For each gene and at each time point, 3 modulation ratios were calculated as follows: mRNA amount of irradiated sample to mean mRNA amount of the 3 control samples.
Modulation depth was calculated as the average difference between activity at pixels preferring 90 ± 15° and 0 ± 15° (time window 50 90 ms after switch).
Time-dependent cosmic ray modulation is calculated over multiple solar cycles using our well established two-dimensional time-dependent modulation model.
Statistical significance of pathway modulation was calculated via a right-tailed Fisher's Exact test in Ingenuity Pathway analysis and represented as –log (P value): -log values exceeding 1.30 were significant FDR <0.05.
