In hepatic study, multifunctional cytokine IL-6 can stimulate hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration as well as growth modulation and tumor differentiation.
The vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) serves as a negative growth regulator during mammary gland development via suppression of branching morphogenesis during puberty and modulation of differentiation and apoptosis during pregnancy, lactation and involution.
Realizing the potential of stem cell biology requires the modulation of self‐renewal and differentiation, both of which are incompletely understood.
Their functions are associated with cellular mechanisms such as adhesion modulation, motility, proliferation and differentiation [ 5].
The principal effects of miRNAs are on the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells.
These data indicate that Ca2+ modulation of growth and differentiation occurs in a MAP kinase-dependent manner.
OSM stimulation of cells induces diverse functions across a variety of tissue types and cell lines such as modulation of growth and differentiation, inflammation, remodeling of extracellular matrix, and enhancement of metastatic capacity [ 11- 14], however the exact role that this cytokine plays in bone biology has not yet been clearly defined [ 10, 15].
While these findings proposed a close connection between epigenetic modulation and drug-induced differentiation, cytarabine (1 β-arabinofuranosylcytosine, araC), a cytosine analogue closely related to decitabine, effectively induces differentiation, without inhibiting DNA methylation [19].
Initial studies have indicated that exosomes secreted by human breast tumor cells could inhibit the differentiation of human monocytes in vitro [ 148], suggesting that tumor-derived exosome-mediated stimulation of murine myeloid precursors and induction of interleukin (IL -6 play a crIL -6l role in immune modulation and inhibition of differentiation.
