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Exact(7)
After low-pass filtering the modulation amplitude and preserving the phase, an inverse 2D fast Fourier transform and exponentiation was used to obtain a filtered spectrogram.
A three-phase demodulation scheme was then used to extract the frequency-dependent modulation amplitude and to remove noise and ambient light from the imaged field [ 41].
EPR spectra were recorded at X-band frequency (9.746 GHz), 3480±60 G field centre and sweep, 17.393 mW microwave power, 0.04 s time constant, 52.43 s acquisition time, 1.55 G modulation amplitude and 5.64×10 receiver gain.
The NIRS instrument guided intensity-modulated light from two time-multiplexed laser diodes (785 and 824 nm) through optical fibers into the tissue and recorded the attenuation of the modulation amplitude and the phase delay arising in the tissue [ 14].
EPR spectra were recorded at X-band frequency (9.728 GHz), 3471.350±59 G field centre and sweep, 21.9 mW microwave power, 0.04 s time constant, 1.10 G modulation amplitude and 2×10 receiver gain [ 31].
EPR spectra were recorded under nonsaturating conditions using a 0.2 mW microwave power, a 100 kHz modulation frequency, a 1 mT modulation amplitude, and a 21 ms conversion time and time constant.
Similar(53)
LF is caused by the modulation of the supply fundamental voltage, which produces modulated light emissions whose severity, in terms of annoying effects on humans, depends on modulation amplitudes and frequencies as well as on lamp technologies [1].
Local and global characterization is made using 2D maps of spatial distribution of the index, its gradients and its modulation amplitude below and above Freedericksz threshold.
Statistical bounds on estimation error presented in this work provide practical guidance: set the sweep width and modulation amplitude to 8 and 4 times the half-width half-maximum linewidth, Γ, respectively.
Modulation frequency and modulation amplitude were 100 kHz and 0.1 mT, respectively.
Small current modulation amplitude, balanced detection and proper adjustment of the lock-in amplifier help to obtain a S/N ratio ranging from ∼100 to ∼7 using a small sample path length of 1.5 m.
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