Sentence examples for modulation alphabets have from inspiring English sources

All modulation alphabets have the same minimal distance of scalar modulation δ min 2 ; therefore, the performance in AWGN channel is almost similar.

Formerly these were based largely on the Spanish alphabet and varied between authors, and it is only recently that standardized alphabets have been established.

The modern forms of this alphabet have fewer letters.

Recall that the 4 letters of the DNA alphabet have been translated into the 20 letters of the protein alphabet.

The symbols in the alphabet have no natural ordering.

Here, D is the set of available modulation alphabets.

The memory requirements of the HNN-TE are therefore more favorable when higher order modulation alphabets are employed.

Note that in order to make a fair comparison among the different spatial configurations, different modulation alphabets are used.

Fig. 4 PAPR for SC-FDM and OFDM for different bandwidths (1.4 and 10 MHz) and modulation alphabets (4/64 QAM).

This model can be extended for higher order modulation alphabets, larger encoder constraint lengths, and different code rates.

The channel input symbols x k are taken from discrete modulation alphabets, specifically, a QPSK, QAM, or PSK symbol alphabet (mathcal {X}) with the cardinality (left | mathcal {X} right |).