Moreover, if these SNPs alter gene expression they may modulate the individual's response to the environment and potentially the risk for particular disease state.
The NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphic variants may influence the metabolism of arylamine carcinogens and modulate the individual susceptibility to cancer upon exposure to environmental risk factors [ 21].
However, whether positions relative to the closest neighbours (e.g. ahead, sided by side or behind) modulate the individual energetic cost of swimming is still unknown.
Further, genetic factors appear to modulate the individual susceptibility as the siblings of HCC individuals are more prone to develop the HCC even in the absence of HBV infection [ 7].
Polymorphisms including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and in genes involved in oestrogen biosynthesis and metabolism might affect circulating estrogen levels and modulate the individual susceptibility to environmental carcinogens in relation to developing BC [ 5].
In order to balance their N nutritional requirements with environmental availability, plants have to modulate the individual steps of N metabolism such as up-take, reduction of NO3− to NH4+, NH4+ assimilation and N recycling.
Here, not only the cancer genes such as oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes (TSGs), mutator genes but also genes that modulate the individual susceptibility to environmental carcinogens, for example, genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and DNA repair are involved in HNSCC development (Sturgis and Wei, 2002).
Applications range from modulating the architecture of individual cells to an entire organism.
The potential applications of "CBD technology" range from modulating the architecture of individual cells to the modification of an entire organism.
For more than a decade, Lieber pioneered the field of nano-bioelectronics, creating nanowire electronic devices with powerful new capabilities for ultra-sensitive, real-time detection of cancer markers and viruses, as well as the first nanoscale transistor tools capable of monitoring and modulating the behavior of individual living cardiac and neuron cells.
