Because the striatum modulates the execution of actions in response to the cortical motor systems (47), the relative preservation of frontostriatal connectivity improves the ability to relay inhibition commands.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08723.005 > -wrap-foot> Contextual factors, such asreward contingencies (Leotti and Wager, 2010) and cued expectations of stopping probability (Jahfari et al., 2012; Smittenaar et al., 2013; Zandbelt et al., 2013) can influence stopping performance by modulating the speed of the execution decision.
The cerebellum is not only essential for modulating the planning and execution of motor activity as experiments have also shown that this structure is important in various learning and memory processes associated with spatial orientation [50].
In the original FARS model, working memory and task-specific associations in prefrontal cortex bias grasp execution by modulating the grasp selection in F5 such that those grasps appropriate for the current task are selected.
In addition, the observation that single cells in the STS are activated during the observation of actions (Keysers and Perrett 2004) and modulated during the execution of actions (Hietanen and Perrett 1993, 1996) provides evidence for embedding the MTG in the forward model.
This family consists of both pro- (bax, bad, bak and bid) and anti-apoptotic (bcl-2 and bcl-xl) proteins that modulate the execution phase of the cell death pathway.
Taken together, all these data suggest that a number of factors, acting downstream of p53, ensure proper execution of checkpoint arrest by modulating the dynamics of actin polymerization.
The canvas grins through, modulating the whiteness.
Disambiguating which of these mechanisms may proactively modulate the accumulation of evidence toward an execution decision requires careful physiological analysis within each pathway itself and is left to future studies.
The execution of this program is regulated by environmental stimuli that modify the growth competence of PCs and modulate the quality and intensity of ongoing processes, so to adapt PC intrinsic properties to the different phases of neuritic morphogenesis.
