Chemical modification of therapeutic proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a common approach for modulating immunogenicity and stability [19].
Our data indicate that the in vivo treatment modulates immunogenicity of the TC-1/A9 tumour cells, since the in vivo cell depletion study revealed induction of CD8+ cell-dependent mechanisms in protective immune responses against these tumours.
All effective vaccines induce the production of cytokines or chemokines, which modulate immunogenicity and are also involved in inducing adverse events, such as systemic febrile illness and immunotoxicity.,, In this standpoints, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, G-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were detected in both febrile and non-febrile groups after vaccination in comparison with those in normal subjects.
In order to explore alternatives for modulating the immunogenicity of the protein, it was mixed with oligodeoxynucleotides in order to obtain particulated aggregates and then immunologically evaluated in mice in comparison with non-aggregated controls.
We next evaluated whether GO would modulate the immunogenicity of the peptide antigen.
This is, to our knowledge, the first in vivo study demonstrating the utility of herpesviral immunoevasins to modulate the immunogenicity of transplanted culture-expanded primary human cells.
To test whether PRO 2000 modulated the immunogenicity of vaginally-applied Env antigen, two groups of mice were immunized intravaginally four times with 12.5 µg gp140CN54 in control gel alone, or in control gel supplemented with 1% PRO 2000.
These observations clearly indicate that ex vivo culture significantly modulates the immunogenicity of stem cells.
29 The statistical interaction between smoking and HLA-SE alleles in CCP-positive RA is consistent with the hypothesis that cigarette smoking modulates the immunogenicity of citrulline and related peptides in individuals with specific HLA alleles.
The following questions must be addressed to provide new insights into the understanding of immunology of stem cells: 1) What surface immune molecules in addition to CD47 and CD274 are expressed on HSCs and other stem cells that modulate the immunogenicity of stem cells?
