The level and activity of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells can in turn modulate immunity to an infectious agent as well as an autoimmune disease.
The duration of human exposure to solar radiation, or "photoperiod," may also modulate immunity at seasonal time scales related to host vitamin D status (Cannell et al. 2006).
The skin microbiota play a selective role in modulating immunity in the skin of mice.
Moreover, IFN-α and/or IL-2 has been used in the treatment for malignancies for decades via modulating immunity.
At the cellular level, PPAR-γ regulates adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and fat metabolism, and has also been implicated in modulating immunity and inflammation [ 29, 30].
Emerging evidence has also indicated that massage might have beneficial effects in cancer patients by modulating immunity, and lessening pain and sleep disturbances (Russell et al. 2008; Hughes et al. 2008; Calenda 2006).
It is now well established that specific components of the gut microbiota can modulate immunity and resistance to infection (Belkaid and Hand, 2014; Honda and Littman, 2012).
Physical activity also appears to modulate immunity in a manner in which moderate activity is beneficial to the immune response, but sedentary behavior and highly strenuous activity can impair immune function [ 37].
In the second part of his talk, Bronte presented a new approach to modulate immunity and tumor environment, altering infiltration of immune cells by miRNA overexpression.
In the present study we use a model HIV antigen (CN54gp140) conjugated to transferrin (Tf) and evaluate the ability of the natural transferrin receptor CD71 to modulate immunity.
