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The 3 dB modulating bandwidth of 45.85 GHz is realized with active length of 10 μm at the expense of 0.39 pJ/bit.
Considering the influences of the skin-effect, the 3-dB modulating bandwidth of the microwave signal is up to 94 GHz.
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The NYFR modulates the received analog signal in the front-end of the receiver, maps the Nyquist zone (NZ) information to the modulation bandwidth of the signal, and then samples the modulated signal.
The capability to modulate the absorption and bandwidth of these samples to suit various applications in different frequency bands indicates that these nanocomposites could be an excellent electromagnetic wave absorber.
To have tolerable BER performance degradation, the carrier frequency offset must be sufficiently smaller than the carrier spacing of the multicarrier system, which in turn is (because of the large number of carriers that is typically modulated) much smaller than the bandwidth of the multicarrier system.
The painting represents the peak of Whistler's radical method of modulating tones of single colors.
Light from a 250 W quartz halogen lamp, dispersed through a 0.25 m monochromator (bandwidth of ≈10 nm) and modulated with a mechanical chopper, was focused onto the diodes (P ≈ 10−3 W cm 2).
After x zp T is modulated, we obtain x mod T, and the bandwidth of the 1 st band occupied by x mod T is B W 1 st = X M · Δ f. (31).
The current flowing through the heaters is modulated at 30 kHz, which lies outside the bandwidth of the optical magnetometer.
If two systems are modulated by the same constellation combination, the bit rate/normalized bandwidth of ASCO-OFDM is less than that of ADO-OFDM.
In addition, the two pass-bands can be modulated to be a single pass-band with a bandwidth of 10.7 THz by optimizing L and R simultaneously.
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