The diversity of toxic substances in the environment, the complexity of possible adverse or even positive responses to exposure, and various biotic and abiotic factors that modulate a response call for a comprehensive approach that is able to analyze simultaneously several thousand measurable variables [ 3].
The antiviral activity of interferons is mediated by direct effects on infected cells or by modulating an immune response (26 ).
Taken together, our data strongly suggest that EET-mediated protective events involve modulating an autophagic response that, in turn, promotes cell survival during starvation.
In the context of atherosclerosis, during which inflammatory events are accompanied by oxidative stress, alongside the classic endogenous ligands, oxidized lipids also appear to be capable of activating TLR4 and of modulating an inflammatory response.
Activated protein C (aPC) plays a pivotal role in modulating a severe inflammatory response and is thought to be beneficial for patients with sepsis.
In many ways medicinal chemistry provides a bridge between biology and chemistry, identifying novel compounds that modulate a biological response and thusproviding the tools to investigate biological processes, subsequently optimizing those compounds to avoid undesired interactions with other biological systems.
However, the molecular mechanism by which it modulates a chemotherapy response has to be further verified.
These results suggest that the Wnt pathway can transcriptionally modulate a neuroprotective response against Aβ peptide, promoting neuronal survival and rescuing changes in activation or sub-cellular localization of Wnt components [ 21].
IFNs-α/β are not only critical components of the innate immune response, but also play a prominent role in modulating an adaptive immune response.
Post-transcriptional regulation by small RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria is now recognized as a wide-spread regulatory mechanism modulating a variety of physiological responses including virulence.
