A pseudo-random bit sequence is used to modulate a continuous wave laser diode, while single photon counting is used to build up the optical signal in response to the modulated excitation.
But ribbon synapses have another outstanding property they are also capable of transmitting graded voltage signals by modulating a slower but continuous mode of neurotransmitter release [ 35].
Here we could be back on the hillside with Quixote, listening to his monsters – for what is a power station if not a 20th-century mill, whose clanks have modulated into a continuous and seductive hum?
Passionflower controls anxiety by modulating a neurotransmitter called GABA.
Upward-modulated calls exhibited a continuous increase in pitch that was ≥12.5 kHz, with a terminal dominant frequency at least 6.25 kHz more than the pitch at the beginning of the vocalization.
Downward-modulated calls exhibited a continuous decrease in pitch that was ≥12.5 kHz, with a terminal dominant frequency at least 6.25 kHz less than the pitch at the beginning of the vocalization.
Downwards-modulated calls exhibited a continuous decrease in pitch that was ≥12.5 kHz, with a terminal dominant frequency at least 6.25 kHz less than the pitch at the beginning of the vocalization (Figs. 6b & 6b').
Our scheme for the classification of USVs was as follows: Upwards-modulated calls exhibited a continuous increase in pitch that was ≥12.5 kHz, with a final dominant frequency at least 6.25 kHz greater than the initial pitch (see Figures 6a & 6a').
The methods discussed in this paper focus on discrete methods, however, even responses that are modulated by continuous variables can still embedded in a lower dimensional subspace [25], [26].
In addition, recent reports have shown that tooth development follows a strict pattern and process, both spatially and temporally, which is modulated by continuous and intricate interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells [ 26].
