According to a previous study, EMFs can modulate the initiation of the signal cascade pathways that regulate calcium fluxes [23].
HHV-8 induces ERK1/2 to modulate the initiation of viral gene expression and host cell gene expression [ 15].
In view of the association of supplementation of vitamin D early in life with a risk reduction of type 1 diabetes (2, 3, 7), it is likely that the protective effects of vitamin D may be beneficial in modulating the initiation of the autoimmune process.
The discipline of environmental epigenomics has begun to identify combinatorial profiles of environmental stressors modulating the latency, initiation and progression of specific neurological disorders, and more selective disease biomarkers and graded molecular responses to emerging therapeutic interventions.
We show by assaying steady-state mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels for three sets of duplicated fapb genes, fabp1a/fabp1b.1/fabp1b.2, fabp7a/fabp7b and fabp11a/fabp11b, that dietary FAs modulate the transcriptional initiation of only one of the duplicated fabp genes in specific tissues of zebrafish.
Overall, these data indicate that miR-93 and miR-106 promote reprogramming of MEFs to iPSCs and modulate MET transition in the initiation step of reprogramming.
Studies have demonstrated that modulating this balance is important in the initiation and development of many vascular diseases, e.g. stroke, diabetic retinopathies, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis [ 2, 7- 9].
Data obtained from the GCN4 transcript showed that the length of a uORF, the sequence context adjacent to its termination codon and the distance to the downstream initiation codon modulates the inhibitory effect of the uORF on ribosomal reinitiation 12, 13.
The initiation process is further modulated by binding of activators and repressors in more distal regions [ 1, 2].
