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The kinase responsible for S10 phosphorylation is the Aurora B kinase, a component of the chromosomal passenger complex, which modulates chromosome structure and segregation at mitosis by promoting HP1 displacement from the chromosomes, and chromosome alignment and attachment to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle (Vader et al, 2006).
Our current genetic, molecular, biochemical and imaging studies of cohesin and its regulation have revealed novel roles for cohesin ATPase function, cohesin acetylation and cohesin oligomerization that dramatically reshape current models for the molecular mechanism by which cohesin modulates chromosome structure.
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Bugga, L., McDaniel, I. E., Engie, L. & Armstrong, J. A. The Drosophila melanogaster CHD1 chromatin remodeling factor modulates global chromosome structure and counteracts HP1a and H3K9me2.
Additionally, proteins such as structural maintenance of chromosomes complexes (SMC) can further modulate the chromosome structure on larger scales [34].
Higher order chromosome structure is mediated by a conserved set of protein complexes called SMC for structural maintenance of chromosomes.
In: Chromosome Structure and Function.
Nicodemi, M. & Pombo, A. Models of chromosome structure.
Higher Order Chromosome Structure is important for the integrity, transmission and expression of chromosomes.
Higher order chromosome structure is important for transcription, chromosome segregation and DNA repair.
Carlton, P.M. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy and its application to chromosome structure.
These somatic changes in chromosome structure include duplication of entire chromosome arms and aneuploidy where chromosomes are duplicated beyond normal diploid content.
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