We postulate that, in spite of the fact that Y-linked genes are unnecessary for dosage compensation, the Y-chromosome imprint modulates a pathway involved in this process.
SERPINB5 produces a protein also known as maspin, and is thought to be a major downstream effector for the tumor suppression effect of Tamoxifen [ 66- 68]; therefore, it is possible that CCM+DHA modulates a pathway overlapping that of Tamoxifen.
Therapeutically, functionally selective ligands may represent a novel method to selectively modulate a pathway of interest and as such minimize adverse effects (8, 9).
Indeed, several studies have reported that growth factors and neurotransmitters modulate a pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt (otherwise known as PKB) that is of vital importance in cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, neuroplasticity and cell survival.
Taken together, these results implicate Tbdn as an important regulator of retinal endothelial permeability and homeostasis by modulating a signaling pathway involving c-Src and Cortactin.
Although the molecular mechanism by which E. africana inhibits the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression has not been elucidated, E. africana may modulate a common pathway of microglia response.
Previous investigation have shown that GTT induces growth arrest through several pathways such as through the suppression of ß-catenin/Tcf signaling in human colon cancer HT29 cells [ 21] and has been reported to modulate a novel pathway through down-regulation of TGFß2 in prostate cancer [ 22].
Plasmalogens protect against apoptosis induced through serum starvation by modulating Akt signaling, a pathway possibly mediated through plasmalogens' ability to activate G-protein coupled receptor signaling (Hossain et al., 2013, 2016).
RGS2 and OXTR expression levels were not correlated in breast cancer, suggesting that RGS2 modulates a different GPCR pathway(s) in breast tumours.
In addition to neuronal migration via reelin, in vitro studies revealed that the VLDLR modulates cell migration via a pathway that depends on uPA [ 10].
Moreover, in the same host, Acetobacter pomorum modulates the insulin signaling, a pathway involved in the regulation of development, body size, energy metabolism, and intestinal stem cell activity of the host (Shin et al. 2011).
