The excitation intensity is modulated with an electro-optic modulator (ConOptics, Danbury CT), raster-scanned across a field of view (FOV) ranging between 75 and 300 µm using galvanometer-based scanner mirrors (Cambridge Technology, Inc), and focused on the sample by a water immersion objective (Olympus XLumPlan Fluor, 20X, 1.00 NA, 2 mm working distance).
In FBMC/OQAM, each subcarrier is modulated with an OQAM transmitting pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) symbols at each half a period (T/2).
Each element, z n, of the transmission vector z → , for n = 1,..., N, is then filtered using a pulse shaping function at regular intervals of chip period T c before being modulated with an up converter to transmit the data at the desired frequency.
Finally, B in is modulated with an output of B m, i.e., B m,i =2B in,i −1, i=1,···,L in, and then sent over an AWGN channel with an output that can be calculated by Y_{text{in}, i}=B_{m,i} +frac{1}{sqrt{text{SNR}}}v_{i}quad i=1,cdotcdotcdot, L_{text{in}} (1).
For impedance measurement, the electrode potential was modulated with an amplitude of 250 mV and a frequency of 10 Hz.
MICL expression was modulated with an anti-MICL antibody in neutrophils and siRNA in the PLB-985 neutrophil-like cell line.
The steady-state signals were modulated with a modulation frequency of 37.1 Hz and a modulation depth of 100%.
However, when the exposure time was not an integer multiple of the modulation period the SNR trend was modulated with a sinusoidal pattern with the number of averaged frames.
a An electric field modulated with a triangular waveform is applied across the BFO film.
These pulses are generally phase modulated with a time-symmetric amplitude and anti-symmetric phase modulation.
For the second, a high-intensity boosted discharge hollow-cathode lamp (BDHCL) was used as in the Smith Hieftje (S H) background correction method, but this lamp was modulated with a low and a high current mode at a modulation frequency of 100 Hz.
