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Intensity Modulated Voltage Spectroscopy.
Next, we discuss the influence of applying a modulated voltage on the AFM anodic oxidation.
The technique makes use of amplitude modulated voltage pulses in an atomic force microscope with standard configuration.
The techniques used for the photoelectrochemical investigation of the cells (J-V characteristics, Intensity Modulated Voltage Spectroscopy and Intensity Modulated Photocurrent Spectroscopy) are described in detail in [18].
It was found that the reorientation of chromophore according to the modulated voltage was more limited for the higher Tg composite, which consequently reduced the birefringence contribution.
Also the skin effect of flux density was taken into account for estimation of power loss under pulse width modulated voltage sources.
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Herein, to optimize the condition of the anodic oxidation reaction under the probe, various conditions including the applied voltages, humidity, the geometry of AFM tip, as well as the modulated voltages should be controlled.
The high conversion efficiencies are attributed to elongated electron lifetime and enhanced electrolyte diffusion in the high crystalline ZnO nanostructures, verified by intensity-modulated voltage spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance measurements.
For further investigation of our PLD-generated, highly textured ZnO nanostructures, electron recombination time constant (IMVS, intensity-modulated voltage spectroscopy) as a function of the open circuit voltage is compared with conventional screen printed randomly oriented sample sintered at 450 °C.
For this, we designed a novel time-modulated voltage (TMV) scheme for changing the conductance of 2-PCM cells, that could produce both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) by applying variable (decreasing/increasing) pulse voltages according to the sign and magnitude in time interval between pre- and post-spikes.
The adopted modeling strategy consists in including the modulated supply voltage as an additional independent model variable to define more accurate behavioral models capable of an increased accuracy when applied to model and compensate ET PAs.
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