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A chronic viral infection has, depending on the virus, most probably modulated the host immune response to become less effective against the invading virus, thereby promoting viral persistence.
Alternatively, they may have also modulated the host response to tolerate chronic innocuous intestinal colonization.
Despite that in PNRSV-infected plants the presence of vsRNAs was scarce both viruses modulated the host sRNA profile.
The extract modulated the host immune response via the evolutionarily conserved p38 MAP kinase pathway and insulin-like signaling pathway.
In addition, vigorous fluid therapy in the early phase of sepsis might have modulated the host systemic inflammatory response by ensuing better tissue perfusion.
Although the role of these mutations is not known, similar mutations in the related West Nile virus modulated the host antiviral response by inhibition of interferon signaling (10 ).
Similar(53)
Our findings suggest that the biotrophic pathogen can use the plant-like hormone to modulate the host cellular environment and in particular host metabolism and that such modulations weaken host defence.
But they rarely modulate the host to repair and regenerate neotissues (Chan and Mooney, 2008).
Moreover, it is secreted by the intracellular parasite Leishmania to modulate the host response.
Peptide identity played a minimal role in modulating the host inflammatory response and adherent macrophage density.
However, the functional roles of a large proportion of MAP antigens involved in modulating the host immune response remain unknown.
More suggestions(15)
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