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As the percentage of sex-dependent genes that were modulated by C. burnetii infection was dramatically high, one can expect that numerous genes would be modulated in other infectious diseases described as epidemiologically associated with sexual dimorphism.
In addition, we examined expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α gene (Pparα), which has been described to be modulated in other developmental programming paradigms, and found that it was upregulated in PLP pups (p = 0.014).
TF expression has also been shown to be modulated in other cancers by constitutively active mutant forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) in glioma and vulva cells, as well as Src family kinases, TGF-β production, and hypoxia [ 40].
This discrepancy could be explained by considering that glucose metabolism is strictly cell type- and tissue dependent and that the glucose mediated effects such as those observed in endothelial progenitor cells [ 49] may be not reproducible or are differently modulated in other stem cell pools such as MSCs.
To see whether ATF4-regulated mRNAs were modulated in other tissues, we measured the same three mRNA species in kidney and heart of mice exposed to acarbose, rapamycin, or CR diet, using six males and six females of each treated and age-matched control group (data not shown).
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Expressions of these transcription factors and associated cytokines were also modulated in all other T‐cell populations analyzed.
Apparently, in addition to substrate competition, the transport rate of MjNhaP1 is also modulated in some other way, for example by the protonation states of amino acid sidechains involved in ion-binding and translocation that render the antiporter more flexible at pH 6 than at pH 4 or pH 8.
The simplest explanation is that, in addition to substrate competition, the transport rate of MjNhaP1 is also modulated in some other way, for example by the protonation states of amino acid sidechains involved in ion binding and translocation that render the antiporter more flexible at pH 6 than at pH 4 or pH 8 (see also response to comment 4 below).
The activities of TRF1, TRF2, and Rad51 are modulated in vivo by other shelterin and HR proteins, which are absent in our assays.
These genes were not modulated in response to any other stresses.
However this gene was not modulated in leaves, suggesting that other molecular mechanisms underlie the phenomenon of nitrate uptake in this tissue.
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