Wnt-signalling is modulated at several levels.
In addition to being modulated at transcriptional level by various transcription factors that bind and activate the Mcl-1 promoter aforementioned, Mcl-1 could be regulated on multiple levels, such as translational and post-translational.
Sinusoidal endothelial cells and mesenchymal CXCL12-abundant reticular cells are principal bone marrow stromal components, which critically modulate haematopoiesis at various levels, including haematopoietic stem cell maintenance.
The bell can be modulated at the will of the subscriber.
While β-catenin mediated activation of TCF/LEF-1 requires robust activation of the Wnt pathway [9], the transcriptional activity of the Wnt pathway (i.e., β-catenin stabilization and/or TCF/LEF-1 activity) can be modulated by various effector proteins at the level of the membrane, cytosol and/or nucleus [5], [6], [10], [26], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36].
Thus TAG5 may modulate defence responses at various levels that collectively contribute to a degree of resistance.
At the cell nucleus, this ligand receptor interaction is modulated by various transcription factors and biochemical processes, resulting in a final transcription complex.
Using two doses of PFD (30 and 100 mg/kg) three times daily, PFD modulated various pulmonary cytokines at the protein level, and the minimum effective dose was found to be 30 mg/kg three times daily.
Both PV and SOM interneurons are modulated by various neurotransmitters1 and in particular SOM interneurons are strongly modulated by acetylcholine8,9,10,11,12,13.
This signaling is modulated by various factors and pathways, including transcription factor Runx2.
