In fact, AM stands for amplitude modulation, in which a radio station's audio signal is modulated at a specific radio carrier frequency to isolate it from the noise and the signals of other stations.
If the secondary laser intensity is modulated at a specific frequency, the fluorescence intensity will also be modulated at the exact same frequency.
Proliferation of both HepG2 and Huh7 HCC cells was significantly decreased upon exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, which were modulated at HCC-specific modulation frequencies.
Tumour shrinkage as assessed by radiological imaging as well as changes in AFP levels were documented in patients with advanced HCC receiving RF EMF modulated at HCC-specific frequencies administered by an intrabuccal probe.
A single-group, open-label, phase I/II study was performed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the intrabuccal administration of very low levels of electromagnetic fields amplitude modulated at HCC-specific frequencies in 41 patients with advanced HCC and limited therapeutic options.
Modulation of gene expression was also reported in a tissue- and tumor-specific manner in cells exposed to RF EMF amplitude-modulated at specific frequencies [43].
These findings support the novel notion that the demodulation effects of RF EMF amplitude-modulated at specific frequencies inhibit cell proliferation and affect the expression of several genes in a tumour- and tissue-specific fashion.
DDR activity is modulated at chromosome ends by the telomere-specific "shelterin" protein complex 36, 37 (Fig. 2).
