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In addition, the availability of these cell lines will facilitate identification of individual genes and pathways that modulate vulnerability to oxidative stress and thus represent potential therapeutic targets for diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
We sought to show that psychological factors can modulate vulnerability to gastric ulcers produced through a different ulcer-inducing challenge.
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Perinatal inflammation modulates vulnerability to and development of brain injury [21] and influences critical phases of myelination and cortical plasticity [20].
Family environment in particular would affect the long-term neurobiological and psychosocial development of the offspring and modulate the vulnerability to mood-, anxiety-, psychosis- or drug use-related disorders [1] [6].
Our goal has been to show that life events and how they are perceived also changed the degree of stress and thus modulated (a) vulnerability to ulcers, (b) the precipitation of ulcers, and (c) the persistence of ulcers.
Although the molecular and endocrine mechanisms responsible for metabolic disorders are currently unknown, present data clarify the role of social factors in modulating the individual vulnerability to weight gain and offer an important experimental tool for the investigation of the mechanisms linking stress and psychological disorders to metabolic dysfunctions.
From this we hoped to develop a clearer picture of how genetics, parent of origin, sex, and their interactions modulate response to haloperidol in particular, vulnerability to its side effects.
Our subsequent experiments were designed to show whether psychologically important variations of the context of prior stressful experiences modulated the degree of exacerbated vulnerability to the ulcerogenic challenge (see Figure 1).
These differences in the genetic structure of Spanish and German populations can involve other genetic interacting factors, which, in turn, may modulate the effect of the polymorphism of interest on the vulnerability to a complex disease.
It is also feasible that nicotine in cigarettes could modulate mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmitter systems [ 35, 36], which may increase the vulnerability to DLE in susceptible individuals.
These three demonstrations illustrate that while experiences with prior stress can increase vulnerability to gastric ulceration, the degree of vulnerability is modulated by whether or not the prior stressors are (a) unpredictable and uncontrollable, (b) predictable, or (c) controllable.
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