The opposing activities of HATs and HDACs can modulate the activities of diverse transcription factors and regulatory proteins (Glozak et al., 2005; Wang, 2011).
17 20 It can modulate the actions of diverse target proteins involved in almost all aspects of cell activity including cell division, cell elongation, ion transport, secondary metabolism, plant defense, etc. 17 20 Based on genome sequence analysis, tomato has six calmodulin genes (SlCaMs), which are expressed in all organs, including fruits.
Perturbation of the Bim/Bcl-2 balance may represent a new therapeutic approach to modulate the immune environment under diverse disease conditions.
Therefore, it appears that diverse HDACi modulate the expression of a common set of genes, irrespective of cellular phenotype or the tissues from which cells were originally isolated, and that a restricted set of genes are particularly amenable to transcriptional modulation following HDACi treatment.
In addition, several chemokines that are released by diverse infiltrating cell populations modulate the inflammatory reaction and contribute to the progression of HSC activation and the fibrotic insult [ 15], demonstrating the complexity of the disease process.
We modulate the temperature.
As in animal systems, RBR forms a protein complex with the cell cycle regulator E2Fa and modulates the expression of diverse downstream cell cycle regulators (Magyar et al., 2012).
A growing area of research involves the investigation of the role that trace metals and endogenous redox agents play in modulating the activity of a diverse group of ion channels within the pain pathway.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine threonine kinase that modulates the function of a diverse array of intracellular pathways (Hur and Zhou, 2010; Medina and Wandosell, 2011).
Ras proteins exist in an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound conformation, and in the active GTP-bound state, Ras functions by binding and modulating the activity of a diverse array of effector proteins, such as Raf kinases, RalGEFs, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases[ 3, 4].
