Since default-mode activation is known to modulate task-oriented states [56], one conceivable explanation for these findings is increased attentional effort during the noisy (more difficult) listening condition.
Furthermore, rs16965628 was found to modulate task-related activation in ventral prefrontal cortex in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder [ 73].
Unlike the spatial directional bias induced by prismatic adaptation [1], [8], [17], the deviation reported here is in the same (instead of opposite) direction to our LP modulating task.
We extend these findings by showing that rs16965628, the first tagging SNP downstream of 5-HTTLPR, modulates task ventrolateral PFC activation in PTSD associated with maintaining information in working memory while being distracted by combat pictures.
In contrast to other neighboring IFG regions, these 2 areas in pars orbitalis and triangularis showed activation changes that were specifically related to consistency and not to RT or other variables modulating task load.
Although these results may generally underscore the involvement of reward processing areas, the interpretation of activation data in this study is complicated by the fact that DAA medication also differentially modulated task performance in patients with and without ICD behavior.
In patients with PTSD, when compared to trauma-exposed controls, rs16965628 (associated with serotonin transporter gene expression) modulated task-related ventrolateral PFC activation and 5-HTTLPR tended to modulate left amygdala activation.
A study by Sengupta et al. [ 155] showed that the Val/Met polymorphism modulates task-oriented behaviour, but it does not modulate the response of this behaviour to MPH treatment.
We found rs16965628, the nearest tagging SNP downstream (3') of 5-HTTLPR (see Figure 1), significantly modulated task-related ventrolateral PFC activation in patients with PTSD while being distracted by combat compared to non-combat scenes (see Figure 3).
Further, we found that while the relative strength of functional network connections were differentially modulated by task demands in adults, there was no such modulation of this network in either older or younger children.
