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In this study, the ability of Ti and rutile particles to modulate secretion of soluble factors involved in bone turnover has been assayed in an in vitro co-culture system of macrophages and human osteoblasts that allows the exchange of soluble factors between both cell types without direct cell contact.
Neuropeptides are believed to modulate secretion of classical neurotransmitters [ 79].
Oestrogens may alter cohesiveness of breast cancer cells and modulate secretion of proteases, thereby influencing invasive potential.
In fat, FGF21 acts as a metabolic rheostat serving to modulate secretion of adipokines which in turn mediate discrete aspects of FGF21-induced physiology.
It has been found to modulate secretion of factors including insulin and interleukin-6, promote vascular contraction, enable heat-sensing, and confer zinc influx [3 5] but there remains relatively little knowledge of its physiological significance and regulation.
Effect on co-cultures of macrophages and osteoblasts: Initial analysis of the data, where the results from individual patients were pooled, suggested that pressure did not modulate secretion of sRANKL and OPG by co-cultures (Table 1).
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Ginger inhibits growth and modulates secretion of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells.
In co-cultures of macrophages and osteoblasts, pressure modulated secretion of sRANKL or OPG in a variable manner.
The filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger, responds to nutrient availability by modulating secretion of various substrate degrading hydrolases.
Effects on monocultures of osteoblasts: For osteoblasts (from the same cell population) cultured without macrophages, pressure modulated secretion of both sRANKL and OPG.
KLK12 may then promote angiogenesis by the conversion of the membrane-bound platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) precursor into a soluble form that modulates secretion of the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) [ 199].
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