In addition, Slit-Robo interactions modulate neuronal migration, cell death and angiogenesis (Chédotal, 2007).
Furthermore, a signaling function for the VLDLR has also been recognized, as demonstrated by the ability of reelin to modulate neuronal migration, neurodevelopment, and other physiological processes in the central nervous system.
Future research will endeavor to assess possible links between dyslexia-risk genes known to modulate neuronal migration in cortex (e.g., DYX1C1) and working memory deficits in a rodent model, particularly given evidence that the latter gene has been implicated in memory deficits in human dyslexic populations [ 62].
Here, we showed that SynIII modulates neuronal migration and orientation in vivo.
However, it should be mentioned that an excess of serotonin, as well as pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT6R, have been shown to affect neuronal migration in cortical slices (Riccio et al., 2009, 2011), suggesting a role for ligand-induced activation of the 5-HT6R in modulating neuronal migration, possibly in conditions where there is a pathological excess of serotonin.
After decades of intense investigation, NTs, which include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and -4/5 (NT4/5), are now known to govern almost every aspect of neuronal physiology, as they modulate neuronal survival, migration, differentiation and synaptic plasticity.
We have previously shown that HSF2 influences radial neuronal migration by modulating the expression of p35 and p39, thereby fine-tuning the activity of Cdk5 (Chang et al, 2006).
This classification system divides brain malformations into disorders of neuronal and glial proliferation, neuronal migration, and post-migrational development [ 1].
3, 4 Linear polymers of sialic acid, which are called polysialic acid and found primarily as posttranslational modifications of the neural cell adhesion molecule, modulate cell cell adhesion 5, 6 and regulate neuronal migration and differentiation during development.
For example, the Cx43 C-terminus has been shown to mediate neuroprotection during stroke [ 3], to negatively modulate neuronal differentiation [ 4], to augment p38-mediated cell migration [ 5], and to regulate cytoskeletal changes in glioma cells [ 6].
The relevance of the p27-stathmin-MT dynamics-Rho axis we recently highlighted [24] in the generation of cell protrusion is confirmed by several experimental evidences that demonstrate how p27 [32]–[33] and stathmin [34] [35] participate in the neurite protrusion formation and in the regulation of neuronal migration, at least in part by modulating Rho small GTPase activity [33], [34].
