The spatial arrangement of GAGs and collagen type II and VI was modulated throughout the course of neotissue development (Fig. 1).
Finite element analysis found BM stimulation to create direction-dependent strains within the neotissue, suggesting shape plays an essential role toward driving in vitro anisotropic neotissue development.
One tissue engineering method uses a three-dimensional scaffold as a template for neotissue development.
The transmission of mechanical stresses to hydrogel-embedded chondrocytes, particularly in the early stages of neotissue development, is hence substantially lower than in the native tissue, rendering higher deformations necessary to induce similar anabolic effects.
Using illustrative constitutive relations for both the evolving fibrous scaffold and the neotissue that develops in response to inflammatory and mechanobiological cues, we show that this combined non-dimensionalization computational approach predicts salient aspects of neotissue development that depend directly on two key scaffold parameters, porosity and fiber diameter.
N-cadherin activity also spiked at early stages of neotissue development, suggesting that self-assembly is mediated through a minimization of free energy.
In addition, the chondroitin sulfation patterns change during neotissue development, as the CS-6 to CS-4 ratio follows a downward trend over time.
It is important to understand neotissue development, since this may elucidate potential intervention windows for biochemical or biomechanical stimulation, as well as provide an essential characterization of structure and function of tissue replacements.
Specific emphasis was placed on the relative levels of collagen types II and VI, and chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS-4) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (CS-6), and mechanisms of cellular aggregation during the early stages of neotissue development.
Bioactive gibberellins (GAs) are diterpene phytohormones that modulate growth and development throughout the whole life cycle of the flowering plant.
