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The compounds might be produced to modulate its host plant, similarly to the fungal production of gibberellin-type phytohormons [25].
Secretion can be an important process for a pathogen seeking to modulate its host's responses via the export of effector molecules/virulence factors.
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Toxoplasma's ability to complete each round of this cycle is dependent on the parasite modulating its host cell.
We tested the hypothesis that the microsporidian E. cuniculi can modulate its interaction with the host to facilitate ATP delivery.
This result indicates that Ech3937 may modulate its T3SS expression to invade hosts by sensing the basal level of TCA in healthy host plants.
Proinflammtory cytokine secretion (IL-1β and IL-6) by the epithelial cells was also regulated by KSL-W in a manner similar to that of antifungal molecule amphotericin B. These findings therefore show that KSL-W is safe for use with human cells and is able to attenuate Candida virulence by modulating its effects on host innate immunity.
Despite its importance for human health, little is known about how this parasite modulates its gene expression during host invasion or conversion from one life cycle form to the other.
The R-type pyocin is encoded by ORFs plu0008-plu0034 and interestingly appears to have invertible DNA regions associated with alternative tail fibre genes which are likely to modulate and diversify its host-target specificity.
Prophage-related genes of species L. monocytogenes represent major chromosomal disparities, have been described to assist intracellular survival, and were found to serve as genetic switches in order to modulate the virulence of its host [ 21, 64- 67].
Or it is also possible that H1N1 viral replication is impaired because of its inability to modulate the host response, especially to induce proviral pathways.
The challenge remains to understand in more detail how it functions within the RNP and how interacting host factors modulate its activity in the cellular context.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com