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Of potential functional relevance was the observation that pregnenolone sulphate acted via TRPM3 to negatively modulate hyaluronan secretion, independently of the pathway activated by glucocorticoids.
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The engineered tissues containing cells transfected to overexpress one of the has isozymes had significantly increased retention of hyaluronan within the scaffold; elevated hyaluronan secretion into the culture medium (all but has-2); reduced contraction; reduced collagen density; and significantly altered material properties compared to the LXSN controls.
Inhibition of MEK-activated ERK1/2 blocked hyaluronan secretion.
Like dexamethasone, pregnenolone sulphate inhibited hyaluronan secretion (Fig 6a).
Since Ca2+-dependent kinases are major regulators of synovial hyaluronan secretion, the synoviocyte ion channels are likely to be important in the regulation of hyaluronan secretion.
Although dexamethasone also inhibited hyaluronan secretion (Fig 6a), its effect was unchanged by TM3E3 (Fig 6d).
Overexpression of HAS2 and HAS3 has been reported to lead to increased hyaluronan secretion and increased size of hyaluronan coat in several cell lines [ 25, 26].
Human BxPC-3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were engineered to overexpress HAS3, and functional consequences of hyaluronan production by HAS3 were analyzed by hyaluronan secretion and size of pericellular hyaluronan matrix.
Hyaluronan secretion was, therefore, measured and first investigated using the established positive controls tumour necrosis factor and dexamethasone that stimulate and inhibit hyaluronan secretion respectively; both compounds acted as expected (Fig 6a).
This clear area disappeared after hyaluronidase addition, suggesting that it was due to hyaluronan secretion by the synoviocyte.
BxPC-3 cells secreted 181 ng hyaluronan to culture medium per 10,000 cells over 24 h, while hyaluronan secretion of BxPC-3 HAS3 cells was 20-fold higher, at 3,607 ng per 10,000 cells (Table 1).
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