Cells have the remarkable ability to sense the rigidity of their environment, which modulates fundamental cell functions, including focal adhesion formation, spreading, and cell differentiation [ 7].
Recent studies have shown that nanoscale and submicron topographic cues modulate a menu of fundamental cell behaviors, and the use of topographic cues is an expanding area of study in tissue engineering.
Retinoids are a class of chemical compounds structurally related to vitamin A that modulate fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis [1].
Fundamental cell biological processes such as autophagy are modulated by many distinct inputs such as host metabolism, amino acid availability, oxygen levels, and innate immune pathways (Choi et al, 2013).
Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the ECM modulate fundamental cellular activities, including adhesion, migration, proliferation, differential gene expression, and programmed cell death.
In summary, our study reveals that dysregulation of approximately 4% of the lncRNA transcripts occurs in ccRCC, and altered lncRNA expression may modulate fundamental cellular processes.
PGE2 modulates processes fundamental to tumour cell survival such as enhanced proliferation and resistance to apoptosis [ 4, 15- 17], however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) critically modulate stem cell properties like pluripotency, but the fundamental mechanism remains largely unknown.
Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using micro-patterned surfaces to modulate HUVE cell behavior.
It is known that nanoparticles (NPs) can modulate cell fate, induce or prevent mutations, initiate cell cell communication, and modulate cell structure [7, 8].
