The complexity of such animal models limits our ability to modulate the parameters that control the process of immune cell development, differentiation, and immunomodulation.
Substrate stiffness modulates cell differentiation, development, maintenance and regeneration.
Oestrogen, which may be involved in the high prevalence of AD in women, can modulate neurogenesis, differentiation, growth and survival of neurons in development and throughout the life of animals (Tanapat et al., 1999; Schaevitz and Berger-Sweeney, 2005).
These data suggest that miR-101 is modulated in the development and differentiation processes of the nervous system.
Mechanical cues in the microenvironment may also modulate differentiation and development of neurons [ 13].
They are also known to be able to modulate differentiation and development of Th17 cells and Treg cells [ 17, 18].
This suggests that extrinsic factors such as GM-CSF may modulate DC differentiation and phenotype during development and enhance antigen presentation to promote T-cell responses (King et al, 2010).
We also previously used this model of in vitro pancreatic development to define signals and conditions that modulate the differentiation of PDX1-positive pancreatic progenitors into NEUROG3-positive endocrine progenitors.
Stc1 knockout experiments however revealed, that this gene is not essential for reproduction and development in mice [ 31], but it may modulate follicular differentiation and may therefore be important for reproductive performance.
While the functional role of KIT in taste cells has yet to be determined, KIT may modulate umami cell differentiation and development.
