However, C15 was unable to modulate endothelial cell physiology to impact neutrophil arrest and transmigration (supplementary Fig S5 online).
With these examples serving to illustrate the reliance of both host and pathogens on AP activities, it was of considerable interest to establish and annotate the complement of APs encoded within the three Phytophthora genomes, particularly since one of the major current subjects of oomycete research is on effectors that modulate host cell physiology and immune responses.
These findings also raise the possibility that other IPs may also play distinct roles in modulating B cell physiology.
Host proteins have been identified as interaction partners for many of the investigated Inc proteins that could explain how Chlamydia modulates host cell physiology.
Since the genetic and metabolic regulatory network is mainly modulated by metabolites, we can focus on the status of these key compounds for the cell to link our elementary modules to cell physiology and environmental conditions.
Thus, the role of CAS in p53-mediated gene expression and its link to apoptosis indicate that multiple aspects of cell physiology will be modulated when CAS accumulates in nuclei.
Whether RanBP3 localization was modulated by signaling or other changes in cell physiology, however, was not investigated [48].
Defining the mechanism by which PD-1 engagement leads to Cbl-b up-regulation and modulates TCR levels is a key question in T cell physiology and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Tumor-stroma cross-talk influences tumor growth by regulating angiogenesis, suppressing or subverting host immune responses, modulating extracellular matrix, and secreting signaling molecules which then in turn act on cells to further alter cell physiology and to change the composition of the cellular and acellular tumor microenvironment [2], [3], [4].
American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology 273, C1596 C1604 (1997).
