This means that WSSV can potentially modulate the calcium ion concentration of infected cells by decreasing the expression of shrimp cell SCP and by simultaneously expressing the viral-encoded calcium-binding proteins.
Although PRL is not originally found in the intestine, accumulating reports indicate that PRL is involved in a number of intestinal activities, such as modulating the calcium ion movement and altering the epithelial barrier integrity.
This mechanical response is modulated by calcium ions at both low and high force, switching from a stiff, rod-like to a soft, spring-like behavior upon removal of ions.
The activity of heparin can be modulated by calcium ions (Rabenstein et al. 1995).
We hypothesised that the differential VEGF-A isoform-specific regulation of cytosolic calcium ion flux could modulate activation of endothelial NFATc2.
Recently, it was proved that EP in plasma membrane act on ion channels, modulate their function [ 39], and consequently enhance calcium ion cell concentration altering cell membrane permeability finally leading to death of tumour cell [ 23].
In Jurkat T cells, three ion channels other than CRAC have been shown to modulate calcium influx and oscillations, namely TRPM4, Kv1.3 and small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, or hSKCa2 [33].
Furthermore, S100A2 can interact with p53 to modulate its transcriptional activity in the calcium-dependent manner [ 25] while Smad3 does not need calcium ion to interact with S100A2 [ 24].
Although recent studies indicated that JH acts via intracellular-type receptors to modulate downstream gene expression [ 38- 43], some studies implied that JH actions are mediated via plasma membrane-type receptors involving calcium ion and protein kinase C in D. melanogaster [ 44] and two crustaceans, barnacle Balanus amphitrite [ 45] and the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus [ 46].
They then used calcium imaging to determine which ones evoke increases in calcium ion concentration – which is indicative of neuronal activity – within the cells.
