The above accounts present a model of complementary collaboration, with a modular, task-based organisation of life sciences research similar to that depicted by Fujimura (1987).
Moreover, this is a modular project.
This adds an additional dimension to the drivers of collaboration from an industry perspective; there is still a modular, skill and task-based division of labour, but standardised (or 'packaged') tasks are more likely to be outsourced to Contract Research Organisations (CROs) while more 'exploratory' open-ended or innovative research tasks tend to be allocated to academic collaborative partners.
Thus, the modular fixture configuration design task can precisely be performed in virtual space.
Optimum parallel configurations are determined for a set of modular components, a specific task, and a set of criteria.
Large facilities present with wide range of tasks and modular robots present as a flexible robot solution.
To include these managerial task in a modular construction's equation, this study presents a fundamental understanding of modular and/or pre-fabricated systems and suggests a construction procurement method based on project type to satisfy this short coming and to achieve sustainable modular construction.
Modular exponentiation is a frequent task, in particular for many cryptographic applications.
"Modular modeling can reduce the task of otherwise complex structural analysis to simple manual computations" (Bozorgnia and Bertero 2004).
Finally, the experimental results show that our proposed MMNN system has more powerful generalization capability than the classifiers of single 3-layered perceptron and modular neural networks adopting other task decomposition techniques, and has a less training time consumption.
It breaks complex tasks down into modular bits, which are worked on by specialists through a clever form of self-organisation (made possible by the internet), and are then reassembled.Steven Weber, a political scientist at Berkeley and author of "The Success of Open Source", published last year, thinks this form of economic production has a promising future.
