This modular heterogeneity increases with global heterogeneity, which in turn relates to tumor aggressiveness.
This evidence suggests that the analysis of integrated maps could be compromised by the heterogeneity which is fused into them, ending up with diverging modular maps.
Gy defined two types of material heterogeneity: constitution heterogeneity, which is the intrinsic heterogeneity of the material's components, and distribution heterogeneity, which is the heterogeneity that derives from the spatial mixing of the components.
We examined two sources of agent heterogeneity: budget heterogeneity, which imposes constraints on the affordability of land, and preference heterogeneity, which determines location choice.
There are three types of heterogeneity which are important in regard to linkage under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement.
Overall, modular heterogeneity provides a framework with which to dissect cancer heterogeneity and better understand its underpinnings, thereby ultimately advancing our knowledge towards a more effective personalized cancer therapy.
Indeed, we observe that Luminal A, the most treatable of subtypes, has the lowest modular heterogeneity whereas the Basal-like subtype, which is among the hardest to treat, has the highest.
On a more theoretical plane, modular heterogeneity is an appealing framework with which to investigate other tumor properties such as the development of resistance to treatment through robustness and evolvability.
Indeed, we observe that Luminal A, the most treatable of subtypes, has the lowest modular heterogeneity (two out of seven) whereas the Basal-like subtype, which is among the hardest to treat, has the highest (seven out of seven).
This modular heterogeneity was suggestive of architectural redundancy that could promote robustness [ 57, 59].
