Participants with pain that is related to the upper body and the neck are referred to high-intensity strength training in modified programmes [ 15, 18, 19, 22, 23].
They suggested that low compliance with the programme explained the lack of effects and this was one of the most important reasons to introduce a modified programme: The11+.
Such changes should be made by personnel qualified to design training programmes and those with suitable experience to ensure that any modified programme delivers the same benefits as the original programme.
After the piloting of the modified programme, a discussion was held with the participants, the psychologists that had facilitated the program and the nurses and further changes were made to the already modified program.
In line with the pragmatic design of the study, the primary analysis was carried out for the whole study population, whether or not they underwent modified programme, and estimates of outcome were compared between control and test groups.
Post-bronchodilator spirometry is undertaken according to ATS/ERS 2005 guidelines [ 40] and carried out by research nurses and researchers trained to high standards using a short modified programme modelled on the ARTP Spirometry course.
Post-bronchodilator spirometry will be undertaken according to ATS/ERS 2005 guidelines [ 35] and carried out by research assistants trained to high standards using a short modified programme modelled on the ARTP Spirometry course by the lung function unit at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham.
A. Comparing events to assumptions of programme theory B. Modifying programme theory to take account of findings What unexpected events and outcomes were observed?
Instead of simply considering programmes as composed of recursive procedures able to call up themselves, why not make a real effort and invent programmes able to modify themselves: programmes able to act on programmes, extend, improve and repair them, and so on?" (Hofstadter, 1994, p. 165).
