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Here we explore an intriguing hypothesis that large non-coding RNA molecules might represent a molecular trafficking system that modulates chromatin modifying complexes to establish specific epigenetic landscapes.
To mimic the in vivo situation, we aimed to recruit chromatin modifying complexes to in vitro reconstituted immobilized nucleosomal templates in a competitive setting.
Although a direct connection has not been shown, these results imply that the Kcnq1ot1 ncRNA product targets repressive chromatin modifying complexes to imprinted genes in extra-embryonic tissues causing silencing.
Thus the interaction of a single ncRNA with multiple chromatin modifying complexes to target specific genes may be a widespread phenomenon.
Instead, fast evolving RNA molecules of various types and sizes appear to control the differential recruitment of a hierarchy of general chromatin and DNA modifying complexes to specific loci during differentiation and development.
Similar(55)
The most well-studied lncRNA, Xist, inactivates one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals by recruiting a chromatin modifying complex to the entire length of the silenced chromosome (reviewed in Brockdorff 2011; Gendrel & Heard 2011).
Large intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are able to recruit chromatin modifying complexes and/or to overlap the coding region of genes and thus to regulate gene expression at the level of specific target loci [ 2, 36].
MBD-containing proteins (MBPs) recruit various chromatin-modifying complexes to methyl-CpG sites to bring about further changes in chromatin structure: prototypically those associated with nucleosomal compaction and transcriptional silencing.
It is possible that these antisense transcripts directly bind and recruit chromatin-modifying complexes to their associated sense transcripts [ 167].
Furthermore, lncRNAs are able to recruit chromatin-modifying complexes to specific genomic loci, thus playing a fundamental epigenetic role.
These proposed mechanisms involve regulating trans-acting proteins and/or recruiting these factors or chromatin-modifying complexes to their sites of action.
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