Thus, attempting to modify the microbiota in patients with functional GI disorders shows some promise.
We will undertake analysis of the causal pathway separately for HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants because maternal HIV infection and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-exposed infants will likely modify the microbiota, intestinal inflammation, intercurrent infections, and systemic inflammation.
It could be possible to engineer the intestinal environment by modifying the microbiota community structure or function to treat patients with IBD either with individual agents, via dietary management, or as adjuncts to immunosuppressive drugs.
The researchers also found that administration of anti-CTLA4 modifies the microbiota composition and increases the levels of the strains that seem to have a beneficial antitumor effect.
Finally, if these changes in FP are due to changes in the ability of gut microbiota to degrade protease, it opens up the possibility that modifying the microbiota by diet or probiotics might benefit IBS symptoms by reducing FP.
15 High fat also modifies the microbiota in the small intestine, promoting intestinal inflammation and gut permeability ("leaky gut") by damaging the proteins responsible for tightness (zonulin, occludin, gliadin), thereby providing the liver via the portal vein with substances that are not sufficiently or not at all managed by Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.
However, work by Chen demonstrated that pre-treatment of mice with a combination of antibiotics in the drinking water modifies the microbiota such that subsequent exposure to clindamycin and C. difficile spores results in significant tissue pathology and in some cases death.
Local or systemic effects could potentially modify the nasal microbiota, or could modify the fecal microbiota and indirectly impact the nasal microbiota.
Longstanding inflammation may also modify the intestinal microbiota, prompting the overgrowth of genotoxic microorganisms, which may act as further cancer promoters.
It is especially important for developing the strategies to modify the gut microbiota in order to control metabolic diseases, since obesity and diabetes might be associated with different bacterial populations.
Additionally, a large body of experimental evidence and empirical data from the food industry has shown that Firmicute probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus) and antibiotics that modify the gut microbiota can act as growth promoters, increasing the size and weight of animals [16], [17], [18].
