Although prey often modify their behaviour to respond to predator presence (Sih & Christensen 2001), behavioural changes were not observed for either cryptic or apparent prey, which could be because the trout-bearing stream water already contained enough fish odour.
Indeed, rather than separating biomedical from behavioural interventions, a number of authors have characterised PrEP and TasP as bio-behavioural, pointing to how individuals will have to modify their behaviour to take the medication [ 32, 33].
"People often subconsciously modify their behaviour," Gaesser says.
"Video games reward players for quickly modifying their behaviour when conflict is experienced," she claims.
Whether those people will modify their behaviour as a consequence is a different question.
That means they cannot be treated and have no reason to modify their behaviour to avoid infecting other people.
The investment in new energy-efficient technologies, as well as training employees and coaching them to modify their behaviour, has reaped enormous savings for M&S.
One possible explanation is that the birds have learned that vehicles are dangerous, and have modified their behaviour accordingly.
Nudge theory is also being used by the Department of Health to target the doctors who prescribe the most antibiotics in an attempt to modify their behaviour.
