It may also potentially reduce bias in THM epidemiologic studies by identifying potential confounders and effect modifiers of exposure, even in studies without blood THM data.
We also view perceptions and coping mechanisms as potentially significant modifiers of exposure and individual capacity.
Effect modifiers were reported individually if they changed the effect of exposure on outcome significantly between strata, as determined by Wald test.
If the odds ratio of the full model which contains the exposure, outcome and probable confounders differs from the OR of the reduced model by 10% or more in any of the stratum of the effect measure modifier, then the variable was considered a confounder.
Therefore, these three exponential effect modifiers of radon exposure were then additionally included to achieve better adjustment for the major confounder radon.
Other factors that emerged as possible modifiers of outcome were voluptuary habits.
Co-removal of dGALK, and sgl overexpression, both are strong genetic modifiers of outcome in this CG model.
Combined, our results confirm that, like human patients, GALT-null Drosophila experience significant long-term complications that occur independently of galactose exposure, and serve as a proof of principle demonstrating utility of the GALT-null Drosophila model as a tool for exploring genetic and environmental modifiers of long-term outcome in GALT deficiency.
Modifiers of individual exposure, such as the orientation of living and bedroom toward roads, window-opening habits, and sound insulation, were assessed by the questionnaire.
Relationships among measures of exposure and outcomes.
Because exposure to dietary galactose is a well-recognized modifier of acute outcome in CG (Jumbo-Lucioni et al., 2013), we next characterized locomotion and NMJ structural defects with galactose dietary supplementation.
