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However, the SMN2 gene copy number acts as a modifier of disease severity [10], which inversely correlates with the levels of SMN expression in patients [11], [12].
In humans, the metabolic effects of ACTN3 genotype may act as a modifier of disease severity: the X allele has recently been shown to benefit exercise capacity phenotypes (i.e. aerobic capacity) in women with muscle (McArdle) disease [27].
For example, SPP1 is a known modifier of disease severity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy [ 18].
Increasingly, this emerging field of research points to the epigenome as an important modifier of disease susceptibility.
It may be a direct cause of the disease, or a modifier of disease susceptibility and severity [ 2].
This is quite a relevant finding as alcohol intake is a well known modifier of disease progression in chronic hepatitis C [ 12].
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Red blood cell (RBC) traits are important heritable clinical biomarkers and modifiers of disease severity.
LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation is a useful aid to diagnosis and modifiers of disease in LRRK2 parkinsonism may aid in developing therapeutic targets.
A complementary approach is to use rodent models where the primary genetic event leading to tumorigenesis is already known, and then to map modifiers of disease severity through selective breeding.
Sex and age are the two main modifiers of disease risk, presentation, and treatment.
Tau haplotyping indicated that specific haplotypes of the wild-type allele may act as modifiers of disease presentation.
More suggestions(15)
modifier of infectious
modifier of cell
modifier of inflammation
modifier of lung
modifier of chromatin
modifier of sovereignty
modifier of prostate
modifier of carcinogenesis
modifier of insulin
modifier of blastema
modifier of localisation
modifier of cancer
modifier of interest
modifier of choice
modifier of risk
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