Sentence examples for modifier genes have from inspiring English sources

Though none of the unambiguously identified modifier genes have an obvious role in snRNP assembly; we did recover genes (wishful thinking, fmr1 and cutup) that have been shown previously to function at the NMJ [27], [28], [63], [64].

Recently, modifier genes have been proposed to explain early and severe polycystic kidney disease.

Besides direct association studies, expression levels of possible modifier genes have been investigated.

Besides CFTR, several modifier genes have also been described as being able to influence CF phenotype [ 19].

Lower penetrance and perhaps, in some cases, modifier genes have been identified, particularly the CFTR and SPINK1 [ 16].

Among the clinical symptoms, that of highest variability is lung disease [ 5], and modifier genes have been analyzed and associated as possible factors that influence this clinical response [ 3, 7].

Even though intestinal CF disease in human patients and mice models displays different features, evidence supporting the existence of modifier genes has been also obtained using the mouse models for CF that happens to be affected by lethal intestinal obstruction mainly after weaning.

An important aspect of this fish model is the fact that tumor-modifier genes have been defined via classical crossing experiments (Meierjohann and Schartl, 2006).

These modifier genes often have at least two alleles, one of which exacerbates disease, and one that suppresses disease.

Therefore, C57BL/6J-associated modifier genes might have contributed to the more severe phenotype of the Fanc −/− Fancg −/− mice.

However, for most chemotherapeutics, toxicity and response are probably multigenic traits, dependent on multiple SNPs in modifier genes that have small effect sizes.