Other mechanisms such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization due to cumulative effects of Bax activation would result in a qualitatively similar signaling response, however, with a slightly modified time-scale of apoptosis activation.
Because this model generates parameters that are not readily interpretable in the context of relative risks and the broader epidemiological literature, we modified the time scale to a log-incidence model [ 20].
When instead D is modified, the time-scale of the spatial coupling becomes 6×1times slower, with strong implications as well: in such a setting the morphogen would spread out very slowly (8.5 μm/h instead of the 1 cm/h measured for auxin [ 81]).
These initial structures are then modified on a slower time scale to obtain a global coordination among cells.
The Dillman criteria for timing of questionnaire reminders had to be modified because of the short time scale but we used all possible criteria to increase the return of questionnaires – based on a systematic review of questionnaire methods – that included reminder letters, follow-up phone calls and personalised letters [ 10, 11].
Braun observes the evolutionary rearrangement or "rewiring" of the genetic network of genetically modified yeast on a short time scale.
Such shared regulatory mechanisms may drive gene expression in the same way in each time series, or they may be modified to drive expression on a different time scale or to change the direction of regulation (activation versus repression).
Changing the timing of administration along the 24-h time scale can profoundly modify the extent of dose-limiting toxicities of anticancer agents (Lévi, 1997, 2001).
The modified Thiele modulus formulation reveals the time scale for the switch over, as well as giving a reliable prediction for the time scale for 99% conversion based on the switch time identified from the irreversible theory.
One can modify the representation by adjusting the time scale of each individual curve of heating on the moment of the reaction (Fig. 1B').
Conversion of BiP to the modified, inactive form proceeds on a longer time scale.
