The modified samples have smaller particle sizes and abundant mesopores, compared with the pristine LMO sample.
UV-Vis spectra of iron modified samples have indicated the presence of both the isolated iron species, binuclear complexes and oxide-like phase.
It was observed that the modified samples had lower proportion of acid sites, both weak and strong.
The dispersion and pigmentary characteristics of the P2O5 modified samples have approached the commercial rutile TiO2 pigment standards.
Thus, since most of the modified samples had oxygen on their surfaces, they may be useful in removing heavy metals from wastewater and other waste streams.
A temperature range of 25 100 °C was used during the chemical treatment and it was found that the resulting modified samples had the total aluminium content in the range of 4.79 5.56 wt%, and crystallinity in the range of 57 64 %.
AFM force distance curves show that the interfacial structure responds by shrinking or swelling to variations of ionic force of the surrounding aqueous environment, suggesting that the aqueous interface of the biochemically modified Ti samples has enhanced degrees of freedom as compared to the inorganic surface of plain Ti.
To some extent, the value for AlF/u.c was greater than the value for the total Altotal/u.c as shown for the samples designated as F9, F10, and F22 in the table, so this difference reflects the errors in analyses for some AHFS modified samples which may have resulted from the existence of silicon fluoride containing species during the chemical treatment.
Mechanical characterization of both of the modified and unmodified samples has been carried out by means of nano-hardness, wear resistance, friction coefficient and surface roughness measurements.
The experimental variation of scattered intensity of angles from 0.3 to 2.5° from modified nylon 6 samples has been compared with that obtained by the linear paracrystalline model when the distribution of phase lengths was given by the exponential function and the quantitative parameters describing the changes in morphology have been reported.
