Sentence examples for modified ribonucleosides in from inspiring English sources

This highlights an important connection between tRNA and stress response: modified ribonucleosides in tRNA.

The diversity of both the chemical structures and locations of tRNA modifications suggests a role for modified ribonucleosides in controlling translation as part of a regulatory system.

Here, we describe the emerging evidence for a new system by which cells respond and adapt to environmental stresses by reprogramming dozens of modified ribonucleosides in tRNA, which leads to selective translation of codon-biased mRNAs.

Cells were exposed to three equitoxic doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and changes in the levels of 23 modified ribonucleosides in total tRNA were quantified by LC MS analysis.

The presence of modified ribonucleosides in the serum of humans and mice (Borek et al, 1977; Speer et al, 1979) has previously suggested that tRNA fragments may be present in the circulating blood.

The platform involves artifact-free RNA isolation, purification of individual noncoding RNA species by HPLC, hydrolysis and HPLC resolution of individual ribonucleosides, and mass spectrometric identification and quantification of stress-induced changes in all modified ribonucleosides by quadrupole time-of-flight and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, respectively.

When present at the tRNA wobble position, the modified ribonucleosides enhance the translation of mRNAs in which the cognate codons of the tRNAs are highly over-represented and that represent critical stress response proteins.

Ultimately, individual tRNA species must be isolated and analyzed for changes in tRNA-modification levels in an analysis of the regulatory properties of modified ribonucleosides, and this is accomplished by quantitative localization of modifications using combinations of RNase cleavage and oligonucleotide-based affinity purification along with LC MS analysis.

Regardless of enzyme identify or regulation, modified ribonucleosides can promote tRNA structural stability and folding, translational fidelity, frame-shift prevention, and translation efficiency, with evidence for roles in tRNA quality control, cellular stress responses, and cell growth.

However, to date Haloferax volcanii, a Halobacteriaceae that lives optimally at 42°C in the presence of 1.5 2.5 M NaCl [ 27], is the only Archaea for which both the chemical identities and positions of almost all modified ribonucleosides have been mapped for nearly the whole set of the 52 sequenced tRNAs with distinct anticodons [ 28, 29].

The lower affinity with L1 stalk and the resulting slower translocation kinetics of initiator tRNAfMet (with properly modified ribonucleosides) may help to stabilize the initiation complex.