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We further propose a mechanism that uses modified quantity discount contracts to coordinate the supply chain.
Based on this modified quantity, the linear prediction is performed, and the reference pattern set can be updated by the new entry χ ̂ i, m ref ( k ).
In this situation, they proposed a modified quantity discount in which the manufacturer induces the retailer to increase its order quantity while having an advanced payment.
In order to consider only SPR values during periods showing a certain SNR (43) with ξ ̂ m ( ℓ, k ) > Θ SNR 1, a modified quantity is defined by SPR ~ m ( ℓ, k ) = SPR ̂ m ′ ( ℓ, k ), if ξ ̂ m ( ℓ, k ) ≥ Θ SNR 1, 0, else.
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The (L_{infty}), (L_{2}) error norms and the modified conserved quantity (I_{11}) are calculated for Scheme 1, Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 and are displayed in Tables 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
Recently important changes in urban features strongly modified the quantity and the quality of the mobility system: the continuous spread of residences and activities have increased the length of trips and the use of private transport; the usual mobility habits have been changed by more complex behaviours (trip chaining).
By using (47), we can define the modified conserved quantity of (I_{1}(t)) as I_{11}(t)=int_{x_{L}}^{x_{R}} biglvert psi x,t bigrvert ^{2}, dx+cint_{0}^{t} bigl[ biglvert psi (x_{R},t bigrvert ^{2}-biglvert psi(x_{L},t bigrvert ^{2} bigr], dt,quad t geqslant0, (47) where the proof is given in the Appendix.
Diet (F = 61; p < 0.001) but not exercise (F = 0.22; p = 0.641) modified the quantity of carbonylated proteins in lymphocytes.
Changes in the growth rates in the absence of resource input after the initiation of the experiment indicate that the species modified the quantity and the quality of the resource environment during the weeklong experiment.
Evolution is a science of processes, trying to analyse the consequences of the interaction between biological entities and the environment, in a way that these entities might be modified in quantity or quality, changes that could result in the modification of their healthy relations (Linnan and Steckler 2002; Baquero et al. 2010; Rayner and Lang 2013; Friis and Sellers 2014).
Changes in rates of translation or mRNA and enzyme degradation may significantly modify the quantity of enzymes available from a given amount of transcript.
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