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The results of the relationship between papers with and without modified quality output measures will be discussed in the Results and Discussion section.
Our third model includes a modified quality measure because one aspect of the quality (firms' compliance with Kela's quality standards) was difficult to score outside of the procurement process and this difficulty could have caused problems in measuring the outcome.
We continued to analyse only those firms that had a contract during both periods and results from the modified quality measure (Table 6) support our previous findings that the reform had a negative and statistically significant effect on quality.
The result of the average treatment effect of the treated is uniform (approximately –6 quality points) with the DiD analyses with control variables and a modified quality variable (Table 6).
QOL was measured using a modified Quality of Well-Being scale, a validated, multi-attribute health scale.
38 Instead, associations between ES and study quality indicators were explored with meta-analyses of variances (ANOVAs) and meta-regression (modified quality score).
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The patient's QOL was measured by the locally validated instrument, namely, the Chinese version modified Quality-of-Life Concerns in the End of Life Questionnaire (mQOLC-E).
We used the modified Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (Zwamborn et al. 2003), henceforth referred to as the TNO-Q, as a reference questionnaire for comparison with the TNO study.
Outcome measures include emergency attendance and medical readmission in the past 90 days as identified from medical records, and patient-reported QOL as measured by the modified Quality-of-Life Concerns in the End of Life Questionnaire (Chinese version).
Leaf-eating insects can influence decomposition processes by modifying quality of leaf litter, and this impact can be especially pronounced in habitats where leaf-eating insects reach high densities, for example in heavily polluted areas.
In fact, quality of care only accounts for small variations in mortality and the quality improvement systems are a distal factor modifying quality of care [ 29].
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